ABSTRACT This experiment aimed to evaluate the impacts of dietary lysophospholipid (LPL) and lipase enzyme complementation based on low-energy diets on growth performance, intestinal morphology, blood metabolites, immune response, and carcass traits in broiler chickens. Two hundreds broiler chicks were assigned to a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications with ten one-day old chicks. The five treatments were: positive control (PC) without LPL supplementation and adequate in all nutrients, negative control (NC) without LPL the reduced 150 kcal/kg of metabolizable energy, NC+ 0.15% LPL (LPL15), NC+ lipase (NCL), NC+ 0.15% LPL+ lipase (NCLL). Feeding LPL improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR). In contrast, lipase supplementation showed no significant improvement on weight gain and FCR. Supplementation of LPL and lipase did not have significant effect on immune organ, abdominal fat, and liver and thigh but decreased heart and gizzard and increased breast relative weight (p< 0.05). Digestibility of dry matter did not show significant effect but crude protein and ether extract improved digestibility in LPL15 and NCLL group in contrast to NC group (p<0.05). Dietary treatment showed no significant improvement on the metabolic blood factors (p<0.05). The inclusion of LPL to negative diet (LPL15) and LPL+lipase to negative control diet raised villus height, ratio of villi height to crypt depth and increased crypt depth. Overall, LPL inclusion to diet increased weight gain and improved FCR, crude protein and fat digestibility, and improved villus height and ratio of villi height to crypt depth to NC group.

ABSTRACT Objective: The antibacterial activity of Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) roots was evaluated against several food-borne bacterial pathogens. Methods: The in vitro anti-bacterial activity was evaluated by determining the zone diameter of inhibition (ZDI), minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using the aqueous. Ethanolic and methanolic extracts of the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra. Results: Therefore, significant increase in inhibitory feature was observed because of increase in extracts concentration. In addition, the aqueous extract was more effective than the others; while, among the tested bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were the most sensitive and the most resistant, respectively. Conclusion: Extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra roots can potentially be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries as preservatives or antimicrobial agents.

RESUMEN Objetivo: La actividad antibacteriana del extracto de raíces de Glycyrrhiza glabra (regaliz) fue evaluada frente a varias bacterias patógenas trasmitidas por los alimentos. Métodos: La actividad antimicrobiana se evalúa determinando el diámetro de la zona de inhibición (DZI), y la concentración bactericida mínima (CBM). Extractos acuosos, etanólicos y metanólicos de la raíz de Glycyrrhiza glabra fueron analizados en su actividad antibacteriana in vitro. Resultados: Por lo tanto, se observó un aumento significativo en la característica inhibitoria debido al aumento en la concentración de extractos. Además, el extracto acuoso fue más eficaz que los otros, en tanto que, entre las bacterias probadas, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa fueron las más sensibles y las más resistentes, respectivamente. Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que los extractos de raíz de Glycyrrhiza glabra tienen un uso potencial en la industria farmacéutica y alimentaria, y pueden ser útiles como conservantes o agentes antimicrobianos.

ABSTRACT The increasing incidence of drug-resistant pathogens and toxicity of existing antibacterial compounds has drawn attention toward the antimicrobial activity of natural products. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of the leaves and seeds of Coriandrum sativum. The five strains of bacteria comprising Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica and Vibrio cholerae were used for the antibacterial tests. In this study, antimicrobial effects of the essential oil from the leaves and seeds of Coriandrum sativum are evaluated by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the inhibition zone and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). The essential oil from Coriandrum sativum was extracted by steam distillation. The results indicate that the antimicrobial activities against the five pathogens were in the range of 2.5–320 µg/mL. Increase in essential oil concentration caused significant increase in inhibitory feature. The essential oil of the leaves and seeds of Coriandrum sativum showed antimicrobial activity against the food-borne pathogenic bacteria. Thus, its oil can be used as an alternative to synthetic food preservative without toxic effects. Also, it can be used in biotechnological fields as ingredients in antibiotics and the pharmaceutical industry. These results suggest that the essential oil of C sativum leaves and seeds may have potential use in pharmaceutical and food industries for preservatives or antimicrobial agents.

RESUMEN La creciente incidencia de patógenos resistentes a los medicamentos y la toxicidad de los compuestos antibacterianos existentes, han atraído la atención sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de los productos naturales. El propósito de este estudio es evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de las hojas y las semillas del Coriandrum sativum (conocido popularmente como cilantro). Cinco cepas de bactericida – las cuales abarcaron Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolítica, Salmonella enterica y Vibrio cholerae – fueron utilizadas para las pruebas antibacterianas. En este estudio, los efectos antimicrobianos del aceite esencial de las hojas y las semillas del Coriandrum sativum, fueron evaluados determinando la concentración mínima inhibitoria (CIM), la zona de inhibición y la concentración bactericida mínima (CBM). El aceite esencial del Coriandrum sativum se extrajo por destilación al vapor. Los resultados indican que la actividad antimicrobiana contra los cinco patógenos estuvieron en el rango de 2.5–320 µg/mL. El aumento de la concentración del aceite esencial produjo un aumento significa-tivo de la función inhibitoria. El aceite esencial de las hojas y semillas del Coriandrum sativum demos-tró poseer actividad antimicrobiana contra las bacterias patógenas transmitidas por los alimentos. Por lo tanto, este aceite puede utilizarse como alternativa a los preservativos sintéticos de los alimentos, sin efectos tóxicos. También puede usarse en la industria farmacéutica y en el campo biotecnológico como ingrediente de los antibióticos. Estos resultados sugieren que el aceite esencial delas hojas y semillas del Coriandrum sativum puede tener un uso potencial en las industrias farmacéutica y alimentaria como agente preservativo o antimicrobiano.

Sixteen Zel ewes (BW = 37 ± 3.10 kg) were used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of partial replacement of barley grain with beet pulp (BP), during late pregnancy and early lactation, on litter weight, lamb's daily gain, milk yield and milk composition. Dietary treatments were initiated approximately three weeks prior to expected lambing dates, and continued for three weeks post-partum. Treatments consisted of 1) a basal diet + 330 g/kg of barley grain (BBG), and 2) a basal diet + 195 g/kg of barley + 135 g/kg BP (BBP). The basal diet contained 444, 117, 101 and 8 g/kg of wheat straw, wheat bran, canola meal and mineral-vitamin mix supplement, respectively. Both diets were offered as a total mixed ration twice daily. Partial replacement of BP increased feed intake. Diets did not affect milk compositions but feeding BBP increased milk yield (1084 vs. 737 g/d), litter weight (3453 vs. 2735 g) and lambs' daily gain (218 vs. 156 g/d). The lambs' live weight at 14 d (5992 vs. 4749 g) and 21 d (7553 vs. 5854 g) was affected by maternal nutrition and a higher BBP. The results of this study indicate that late gestation and early lactation ewes can be supplemented with BP without detrimental effects on milk production or milk composition, and feeding ewes with BP during this period resulted in increased litter weight and growth of lambs.

This experiment evaluated the effects of two fat sources on performance, some blood parameters and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. One hundred and eighty day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments (three replicates of 12 birds per treatment). The experiment was performed as a completely random design (CRD) and birds were fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets containing no fat (control), 20 and 40 g soyabean oil, 20 and 40 g beef tallow/kg feed from 11 -42 d of age. Food intake and body weight gain both increased significantly with supplemental level of both fat sources, the rate in food intake being higher with soyabean oil than with beef tallow. Feed conversion ratio decreased significantly with both sources in the period 29 " 42 d. Serum triglyceride and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) contents were unaffected by dietary oil inclusion but cholesterol, high-(HDL) and low (LDL) density lipoprotein contents increased significantly with oil level. Serum glucose (GLU) content decreased significantly with increasing oil inclusion. In all cases the blood parameters responded significantly differently to the two supplemental fat sources with the rate of reduction in GLU, cholesterol and LDL, and the rate of increase in TG, HDL and VLDL being greater with soyabean oil than with beef tallow. Liver and abdominal fat percentages increased significantly with supplemental fat inclusion. The results indicate that supplementation of broiler diets with up to 40 g soyabean oil/kg feed significantly improved the performance and reduced serum cholesterol, LDL and abdominal fat in comparison with chicks receiving diets containing beef tallow.